Owls have a multifaceted presence in the art and culture of South America, spanning from ancient civilizations to contemporary expressions. These enigmatic birds have been imbued with various symbolic meanings across different cultures and time periods. Here's an overview of owls in the art and culture of South America:

1. Ancient Civilizations:

• Moche Civilization (Peru): The Moche, who lived on the northern coast of modern-day Peru, depicted owls in their ceramics, especially on stirrup spout vessels. Given the Moche's intricate iconography, owls were likely symbolic, possibly relating to death or the supernatural.

• Nasca Culture (Peru): The Nasca, renowned for their Nazca Lines and beautiful pottery, occasionally featured owls in their artistic creations.

2. Mythology & Religion:

• Amazonian Tribes: Within the dense Amazon rainforest, many indigenous tribes hold beliefs regarding the spirits of animals, including owls. In certain cultures, owls are seen as omens or messengers from the spirit world. Their nocturnal nature associates them with the mysteries of the night.

• Andean Beliefs: In the Andean cultural sphere, owls might be linked to the underworld or considered as guides for spirits due to their nocturnal habits.

3. Art:

• Pottery & Ceramics: Owls have been represented in various forms of pottery and ceramics by several ancient South American cultures, reflecting both their physical appearance and their symbolic connotations.

• Textiles: Owls, like many other animals, find their place in the intricate woven textiles of some Andean cultures.

4. Folklore & Popular Culture:

• Omens and Legends: Due to their nocturnal nature and distinct calls, owls are often subjects of local tales and legends. In some areas, they're believed to bring news or omens, especially related to changes or forthcoming events.

5. Modern Significance:

• Conservation: Several owl species in South America are endangered or under threat. Contemporary artists and activists sometimes use owl imagery to highlight conservation efforts and environmental concerns.

• Contemporary Art: Modern artists in South America, influenced by both indigenous traditions and global trends, might integrate owl imagery into their works, presenting new interpretations or reflections on tradition.

6. Tattoos and Personal Expression:

• Given the rich tapestry of symbols associated with owls, from wisdom to mystery, they've become popular subjects for tattoos and personal artworks, often blending traditional South American styles with modern interpretations.

Owls, with their distinctive presence and rich symbolic connotations, have a deep-rooted place in South American art and culture. Their representations span from sacred and mythical symbols to icons of nature and conservation in the contemporary age.